Creating New System Functions
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Thursday
21
November
2024
10:51 UTC
NARS2000 Creating New Quad System Functions |
Who Should Be Reading This Page
If you are an APL'er, an APL programmer or APL developer - this page may not be right for you. This page is for Developers who want to implement a new Quad or ⎕ command using the C/C++ language in NARS source code. Given that NARS source code is over a quarter million lines of highly evolved source code, it is helpful to have several starting points to work from, whether you are a gifted C++/C programmer, PHP programmer, Bison programmer or a relative newcomer to NARS source code. The basic premise is that you have an idea for a new Quad system function command for APL/NARS and wish to implement it, add it to NARS functionality. This page is a starting conceptual and reference point.
Helpful Starting Point Perspectives
Visually scan or browse the Build notes found in the ReleaseNotes subfolder, normally located in C:\NARS2000\trunk\ReleaseNotes using a text or string scanner program such as Windows File Explorer with its Search text box. Multiple time-lapsed prior examples of adding system functions should appear in those previous Build notes. Search for the specific text string, "system function" and there should be a number of references found/listed. These references give an idea of which files frequently need to be modified, including much about what you will need to do. For example, file <sysvars.c> contains code locations where all system variables and functions hook into the system - a primary symbol tables reference, an interpreter-table-of-contents file. You will further need to define a new c file for your system function, e.g. <qf_cmd.c> or <qf_menus.c> or <qf_grfx.c> or a similar name. Defining any new file also requires some specific changes such as new entries in <compro.h>, <makefile.src>, and <makefile.inc>. You'll also need to change <NARS2000.vcxproj> which you can do through Visual Studios 20xx GUI or IDE(integrated developer's environment). Try to maintain a list of the various files you edit/change because if NARS subsequently moves to a new release and you need to synch with it, it is helpful to know which files you modified - to synch plus reinstate, to bring forward your local changes.
For example, in C:\NARS2000\trunk\ReleaseNotes\Notes-1295.txt system function Quad T or ⎕T was created and implemented, to return a Tick Count for time-sensitive APL subroutine stop-watch timing purposes. The following seven files were edited/affected by the addition of system function ⎕T into NARS2000.exe. Listed below are edited notations extracted from <Notes-1295.txt>:
COMPRO.H: #1 Include <qf_t.pro> in the list of prototype files. MAKEFILE.INC: #2 MAKEFILE.SRC: #3 NARS2000.32.VCPROJ: #4 NARS2000.64.VCPROJ: #5 Include <qf_t.c> in the list of source files. #6 QF_T.C #6(again) Implement []T. SYSVARS.C: #7 Include []T in the list of niladic system functions.
Note above how filenames edited/changed were kept track of, including general notes on what was performed including the purpose of the revision/edit-change by the System Developer. This filename + purpose tracking along with associated note keeping is considered good programming, a best developer practice. Such detailed record-keeping makes program flow and source-code maintenance much easier to follow and subsequently revise as needed.
Continuing with the formation or genesis process re system function ⎕T example just above, viewing(using a standard text editor such as notepad.exe) file <qf_t.c> which is the central ⎕T function-defining c file, you will note that the mnemonic(see #General Reference Notes) for ⎕T is SysFnT_EM_YY. A File Explorer search for string SysFnT_EM_YY will bring up primarily two found-in files, <qf_t.c> and <sysvars.c>.
Therefore we may conclude or determine - that operational functionality for this particular system function ⎕T was contained in just two files. The other five affected files, and not to be ignored, were impacted for overall programming structural integrity, potential debugging/compilation, and NARS2000 overall modeling purposes. Not every System Function impacts or requires so few files, but ⎕T is a solid 'minimal impact elsewhere' System Function example.
Source Code Conventions and Abbreviations Dictionary
NARS C source code contains many abbreviations. To better understand NARS source code and or to better understand a source code process, particularly if you are new to looking at or working with its C source code, view C Source Code Conventions and Abbreviations Dictionary here.
<sysvars.c> Reference Table
All ⎕ System Variables and System Functions, per system reference table (7 column table) are listed/defined within file <sysvars.c>. Quad T's entry is extracted just below. The sysvars table helps APL's interpreter understand "how" to handle each quad system variable and function, how each is "supposed to operate"; thus helping the Interpreter identify syntax errors, valence errors, domain errors, etc.
⎕T's entry(within niladic system functions grouping) in table:
| SysName | Valence | Var? | Std? | Exec Routine(name) | Sys_Vars | Descr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUAD L"t" | 0 | FALSE | FALSE | SysFnT_EM_YY | 0 | High Resolution Time |
Every APL/APL2 Quad System Variable and Quad System Function(niladic, monadic and dyadic) has an entry in the <sysvars.c> table. System function ⎕T, because it is niladic, has a zero valence; it is not a System Variable(False); it has a function mnemonic or calling name = SysFnT_EM_YY; it uses zero system variables.
Frequently Used TypeDef Structures and Variables
NARS has multiple frequently used TypeDefs, Structures and Variables. Familiarity with these structures and the variables employed is essential to gain a better understanding of how NARS C source code works and comprehending program flow, view Frequently Used TypeDef Structures and Variables here.
⎕EC as System Function Coding Example, Returning a Nested Array
System Function ⎕EC is useful to APLers for testing purposes, but it also is useful for NARS source code analysis purposes precisely because - it illustrates how to return a nested vector back to APL, view Quad EC C Source Code Analysis here.
Setting Up for Cross-Reference Call To Another APL or System Function
In creating a new System Function or even a new APL function, it can be useful to call another already established APL or system function to perform part of the new pre-processing-configuration-setup or post-close-done requirements. One of the frequently encountered parameters to nearly every function call is a parameter usually named lptkFunc or tkFcn - known variously as line pointer to a token function or just token function. tkFcn will be potentially needed in the soon-to-be-called function in case it mandates use for something else; it represents sort of a dynamically changing location-operation recognition tracker. As an analogy, Windows operating system uses program registrations(ref. software installs and regedit) so Windows will "know" each program when it runs and can report errors and abends; NARS uses token-function structures so its APL Interpreter will know each APL and system function as it in turn runs.
From file <pf_uarrow.c>, the following lines were edit-extracted:
TOKEN tkFcn = {0}; // tkFcn token function struct. var defined, initialized to zero in vars declaration section of uarrow function.
[...] // Intermediary unrelated code
// Setup token structure for use in calling rho {the shape of} function (which uarrow i.e. APL's "take" now needs):
tkFcn.tkFlags.TknType = TKT_FCNIMMED;
tkFcn.tkFlags.ImmType = IMMTYPE_PRIMFCN;
////tkFcn.tkFlags.NoDisplay = FALSE; // Commented out because already zero from = {0}
tkFcn.tkData.tkChar = UTF16_RHO; // Unicode transformation format, 16-bit-coding for Rho - identifies function/operator being called.
tkFcn.tkCharIndex = lptkFunc->tkCharIndex; // Standard caret pointer
In order to cross calculate ⍴R(the shape of right hand argument variable R - tkFcn/UTF16_RHO (shortly will be processing inside function Rho) is passed in the above example from call-from up-arrow code(file <pf_uarrow.c>) - the APL take function). Another reference to <lptkFunc> would be similar to function tokening use above, but say to the LeftShoe symbol (UTF16_LEFTSHOE or APL's ⊂ enclose symbol). An often used element of the function token is <tkCharIndex> which is used as the caret pointer in case an error occurs and an error message would then be formed into ⎕DM and )SI, workspace state indicator would get set. The function token structure is key to allowing APL's interpreter know how to keep track of where the program is processing-at and, as needed, correctly report errors.
For the full list of available UTF16_* variables, see file <symbolnames.h>. To search in Visual Studio 2013 (load NARS2000 project first) - for existing NARS examples of where tkFcn is used, i.e. set up, in VS2013 - Edit - FindAndReplace - FindInFiles use search string "tkFcn." and note the dot as the rightmost "search on" char; and click the [Find All] button.
Source Code Derived List of APL System Functions
Source Code List of NARS Quad ⎕ System Functions, per qf_*.c Files Derivative. Sys Fcn Ct=31. Snapshot as of 7/26/15:
| QuadFcn c FileName | APL System Function | Mnemonic Exec Name | c FileSize | Subordinate Monadic-Dyadic Name | Cross Refs, Magic Functions, Misc. | Function Type (sysvars.c) | Description (sysvars.c) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_a.c | ||||||||
| ⎕A | SysFnA_EM_YY | 3,151 | Niladic | Alphabet | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_at.c | ||||||||
| ⎕AT | SysFnAT_EM_YY | 44,356 | SysFnMonAT_EM_YY SysFnDydAT_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Attributes | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_av.c | ||||||||
| ⎕AV | SysFnAV_EM_YY | 5,188 | Niladic | Atomic Vector | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_cr.c | ||||||||
| ⎕CR | SysFnCR_EM_YY | 33,687 | SysFnMonCR_EM_YY SysFnDydCR_EM_YY SysFnCR_Common_EM_YY SysFnMon_CR_EM_YY SysFnCR_Copy_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Canonical Representation | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_d.c | ||||||||
| ⎕D | SysFnD_EM_YY | 3,149 | Niladic | Digits | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_dl.c | ||||||||
| ⎕DL | SysFnDL_EM_YY | 8,265 | SysFnMonDL_EM_YY SysFnDydDL_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Delay Execution | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_dr.c | ||||||||
| ⎕DR | SysFnDR_EM_YY | 49,334 | SysFnMonDR_EM_YY SysFnDydDR_EM_YY SysFnDR_Show_EM_YY SysFnDR_Convert_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Data Representation | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ea.c | ||||||||
| ⎕EA | SysFnEA_EM_YY | 9,565 | SysFnMonEA_EM_YY SysFnDydEA_EM_YY | PrimFnMonUpTackJotCommon_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Execute Alternate | ||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ec.c | ||||||||
| ⎕EC | SysFnEC_EM_YY | 17,469 | SysFnMonEC_EM_YY SysFnDydEC_EM_YY | PrimFnMonUpTackJotCommon_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Execute Controlled | ||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_em.c | ||||||||
| ⎕EM | SysFnEM_EM_YY | 3,106 | Niladic | Event Message | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_error.c | ||||||||
| ⎕ERROR | SysFnERROR_EM_YY | 7,129 | SysFnMonERROR_EM_YY SysFnDydERROR_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Signal Error | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_es.c | ||||||||
| ⎕ES | SysFnES_EM_YY | 18,322 | SysFnMonES_EM_YY SysFnDydES_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Event Simulate | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_et.c | ||||||||
| ⎕ET | SysFnET_EM_YY | 6,645 | Niladic | Event Type | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ex.c | ||||||||
| ⎕EX | SysFnEX_EM_YY | 23,537 | SysFnMonEX_EM_YY SysFnDydEX_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Expunge Names | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_fmt.c | ||||||||
| ⎕FMT | SysFnFMT_EM_YY | 108,506 | SysFnMonFMT_EM_YY SysFnDydFMT_EM_YY | ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Format | ||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_fx.c | ||||||||
| ⎕FX | SysFnFX_EM_YY | 18,028 | SysFnMonFX_EM_YY SysFnDydFX_EM_YY SysFnMon_FX_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Function Fix | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_host.c | ||||||||
| ⎕HOST | SysFnHOST_EM_YY | 10,905 | SysFnMonHOST_EM_YY SysFnDydHOST_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Launch Programs on Host OS | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_lc.c | ||||||||
| ⎕LC | SysFnLC_EM_YY | 5,679 | Niladic | Line Counter | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_mf.c | ||||||||
| ⎕MF | SysFnMF_EM_YY | 38,096 | SysFnMonMF_EM_YY SysFnDydMF_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Monitor Function | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_nc.c | ||||||||
| ⎕NC | SysFnNC_EM_YY | 20,952 | SysFnMonNC_EM_YY SysFnDydNC_EM_YY | <SysFnDydNL_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Name Classification | ||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_nfns.c | ||||||||
| ⎕NFNS | SysFnNAPPEND_EM_YY | 260,952 | SysFnNAPPEND_EM_YY SysFnMonNAPPEND_EM_YY SysFnDydNAPPEND_EM_YY SysFnNCREATE_EM_YY SysFnMonNCREATE_EM_YY SysFnDydNCREATE_EM_YY SysFnCreateTie_EM_YY SysFnNERASE_EM_YY SysFnMonNERASE_EM_YY SysFnDydNERASE_EM_YY SysFnNLOCK_EM_YY SysFnMonNLOCK_EM_YY SysFnDydNLOCK_EM_YY SysFnNNAMES_EM_YY SysFnNNUMS_EM_YY SysFnNREAD_EM_YY SysFnMonNREAD_EM_YY SysFnDydNREAD_EM_YY SysFnNRENAME_EM_YY SysFnMonNRENAME_EM_YY SysFnDydNRENAME_EM_YY SysFnNREPLACE_EM_YY SysFnMonNREPLACE_EM_YY SysFnDydNREPLACE_EM_YY SysFnNRESIZE_EM_YY SysFnMonNRESIZE_EM_YY SysFnDydNRESIZE_EM_YY SysFnNSIZE_EM_YY SysFnMonNSIZE_EM_YY SysFnDydNSIZE_EM_YY SysFnNTIE_EM_YY SysFnMonNTIE_EM_YY SysFnDydNTIE_EM_YY SysFnNUNTIE_EM_YY SysFnMonNUNTIE_EM_YY SysFnDydNUNTIE_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Append Data To An Open Native File | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_nl.c | ||||||||
| ⎕NL | SysFnNL_EM_YY | 17,698 | SysFnMonNL_EM_YY SysFnDydNL_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Name List | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_sysid.c | ||||||||
| ⎕SYSID | SysFnSYSID_EM_YY | 4,826 | Niladic | System Identifier | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_sysver.c | ||||||||
| ⎕SYSVER | SysFnSYSVER_EM_YY | 8,556 | Niladic | System Version | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_t.c | ||||||||
| ⎕T | SysFnT_EM_YY | 3,542 | SysFnD_EM_YY | Niladic | High Resolution Time | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_tc.c | ||||||||
| ⎕TC | SysFnTC_EM_YY | 12,390 | SysFnTCCom_EM_YY SysFnTCCOM_EM_YY SysFnTCBEL_EM_YY SysFnTCBS_EM_YY SysFnTCESC_EM_YY SysFnTCFF_EM_YY SysFnTCHT_EM_YY SysFnTCLF_EM_YY SysFnTCNL_EM_YY SysFnTCNUL_EM_YY | Niladic | Terminal Control Characters | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_tf.c | ||||||||
| ⎕TF | SysFnTF_EM_YY | 53,263 | SysFnMonTF_EM_YY SysFnDydTF_EM_YY SysFnDydTF1_EM_YY SysFnDydTF2_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Transfer Form | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ts.c | ||||||||
| ⎕TS | SysFnTS_EM_YY | 5,165 | Niladic | Time Stamp | ||||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ucs.c | ||||||||
| ⎕UCS | SysFnUCS_EM_YY | 23,003 | SysFnMonUCS_EM_YY SysFnDydUCS_EM_YY SysnMonUCS_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Universal Character Set | |||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_vr.c | ||||||||
| ⎕VR | SysFnVR_EM_YY | 5,624 | SysFnMonVR_EM_YY SysFnDydVR_EM_YY | ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY | Monadic or Dyadic | Vector Representation of a Function | ||
| C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_wa.c | ||||||||
| ⎕WA | SysFnWA_EM_YY | 3,367 | Niladic | Workspace Available |
Magic Function C Header File vs APL - a Comparison
Extract from NARS file C:\NARS2000\trunk\mf_quadvr.h for System Function ⎕VR (C source code header file, just below):
//***************************************************************************
// Magic function/operator for Monadic []VR
//
// Monadic []VR -- Visual Representation
//
// Return a visual representation of a user-defined function/operator
//***************************************************************************
static APLCHAR MonHeaderVR[] =
L"Z←" MFON_MonVR L" R;L;⎕IO";
static APLCHAR MonLineVR1[] =
L"⎕IO←0 ⋄ Z←1 ##.⎕CR R";
static APLCHAR MonLineVR2[] =
L"→(0≠⍴Z)/L1 ⋄ Z←'' ⋄ →0";
static APLCHAR MonLineVR3[] =
L"L1:→(1=≡Z)/0";
static APLCHAR MonLineVR4[] =
L"L←'∇'∊0⊃Z";
static APLCHAR MonLineVR5[] =
L"Z←(∊((⊂[1]'LO< ∇>P<[>Q<]>I6' ⎕FMT⍳⍴Z),¨Z),¨⎕TCNL),' ∇'";
static APLCHAR MonLineVR6[] =
L"→L/0 ⋄ Z←Z,(' ',⍕2 ##.⎕AT R),' (UTC)'";
static LPAPLCHAR MonBodyVR[] =
{MonLineVR1,
MonLineVR2,
MonLineVR3,
MonLineVR4,
MonLineVR5,
MonLineVR6,
};
MAGIC_FCNOPR MFO_MonVR =
{MonHeaderVR,
MonBodyVR,
countof (MonBodyVR),
};
⎕VR - APL monadic function named MFON_MonVR(just below):
⎕CR 'MFON_MonVR'
Z←MFON_MonVR R;L;⎕IO
⎕IO←0 ⋄ Z←1 ##.⎕CR R
→(0≠⍴Z)/L1 ⋄ Z←'' ⋄ →0
L1:→(1=≡Z)/0
L←'∇'∊0⊃Z
Z←(∊((⊂[1]'LO< ∇>P<[>Q<]>I6' ⎕FMT⍳⍴Z),¨Z),¨⎕TCNL),' ∇'
→L/0 ⋄ Z←Z,(' ',⍕2 ##.⎕AT R),' (UTC)'
Note the displaced lines yes, but great/identical similarity exists between the UTF-8 C source code header file and the actual APL function MFON_MonVR. In a very real sense, APL source code was imported directly into C source code via a header file, using a magic function. Hence the term magic since APL magically gets executed inside a compiled C program. This is somewhat code-wise equivalent to using the ⍎(execute) function in APL. Technically the APL simulation in C was made possible and accomplished via re-formatting the ⎕CR representation of an APL function, placing it into a C source code header file, and using PHP in the NARS2000 project model. Also technically, note the use of L" in the header file at the front of several lines - the presence of the prefix L in C source code indicates Unicode string to the C compiler.
Ref. also System Function ⎕VR and System Function ⎕CR
For Magic Functions: In addition to creating a header file such as mf_quadvr.h, magic function header files need reference via a caller file such as qf_vr.c. Also, referencing table entries may frequently be required in files execmfn.h and execmfn.c within the \trunk folder.
C Source List of APL Functions
C Source List of APL Functions with Cross References (per C:\NARS2000\trunk\pf_*.c) as of 7/26/15:
| NARS C Source File | APL Name | C Funct Name | Subordinate Monadic and or Dyadic Name | Cross References, Protos and Renames |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pf_bar.c | Bar | PrimFnBar_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_circle.c | Circle | PrimFnCircle_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_colonbar.c | ColonBar | PrimFnColonBar_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_comma.c | Comma | PrimFnComma_EM_YY | PrimFnMonComma_EM_YY, PrimFnDydComma_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnComma_EM_YY, PrimFnMonCommaScalar_EM_YY, PrimFnMonCommaGlb_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnComma_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlash_EM_YY |
| pf_cslope.c | CircleSlope | PrimFnCircleSlope_EM_YY | PrimFnMonCircleSlope_EM_YY, PrimFnDydCircleSlope_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnCircleSlope_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnCircleSlope_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonIota_EM_YY |
| pf_cstar.c | CircleStar | PrimFnCircleStar_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_cstile.c | CircleStile | PrimFnCircleStile_EM_YY | PrimFnMonCircleStile_EM_YY, PrimFnDydCircleStile_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnCircleStile_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnCircleStile_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_darrow.c | DownArrow | PrimFnDownArrow_EM_YY | PrimFnMonDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimIdentDownArrow_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_dcaret.c | DownCaret | PrimFnDownCaret_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_deltastile.c | DeltaStile | PrimFnDeltaStile_EM_YY | PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDelStile_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnDeltaStile_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnDelStile_EM_YY | |
| pf_domino.c | Domino | PrimFnDomino_EM_YY | PrimFnMonDomino_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDomino_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDomino_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnDomino_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_dotdot.c | DotDot | PrimFnDotDot_EM_YY | PrimFnMonDotDot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDotDot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDotDotNested_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnDotDot_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_dshoe.c | DownShoe | PrimFnDownShoe_EM_YY | PrimFnMonDownShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownShoe_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDownShoe_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnDownShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_dstile.c | DownStile | PrimFnDownStile_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_dtack.c | DownTack | PrimFnDownTack_EM_YY | PrimFnMonDownTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTack_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDownTack_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnDownTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTack_EM_YY |
| pf_dtackjot.c | DownTackJot | PrimFnDownTackJot_EM_YY | PrimFnMonDownTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTackJotFBE_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnDownTackJot_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_epsilon.c | Epsilon | PrimFnEpsilon_EM_YY | PrimFnMonEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimFnMonEpsilonGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonEpsilonImm_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY |
| pf_epsund.c | EpsilonUnderbar | PrimFnEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnMonEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_equal.c | Equal | PrimFnEqual_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_equalund.c | EqualUnderbar NotEqualUnderbar | PrimFnEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnMonEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnMonNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY |
| pf_index.c | Assignment | ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY | ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefLstImm_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefLstSimpGlb_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefNamImmed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSquadGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeGlbGlb_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefRect_EM_YY, ListIndexRef_EM_YY, PrimFnMonLeftShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRho_EM_YY, ExecFuncStr_EM_YY | |
| pf_iota.c | Iota | PrimFnIota_EM_YY | PrimFnMonIota_EM_YY, PrimFnDydIota_EM_YY, PrimFnMonIotaVector_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnIota_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY, PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY |
| pf_iotaund.c | IotaUnderbar | PrimFnIotaUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnMonIotaUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydIotaUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnIotaUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_lcaret.c | LeftCaret | PrimFnLeftCaret_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_lcaretund.c | LeftCaretUnderbar | PrimFnLeftCaretUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_lshoe.c | LeftShoe | PrimFnLeftShoe_EM_YY | PrimFnMonLeftShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnMonLeftShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonLeftShoeCon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftShoeGlb_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnLeftShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_lshoeund.c | LeftShoeUnderbar | PrimFnLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnMonLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_ltack.c | LeftTack | PrimFnLeftTack_EM_YY | PrimFnMonLeftTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftTack_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnLeftTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_ndcaret.c | DownCaretTilde | PrimFnDownCaretTilde_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_nequal.c | NotEqual | PrimFnNotEqual_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_nucaret.c | UpCaretTilde | PrimFnUpCaretTilde_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_pi.c | Pi | PrimFnPi_EM_YY | PrimFnMonPi_EM_YY, PrimFnDydPi_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnPi_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnScalar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_plus.c | Plus | PrimFnPlus_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_qdot.c | QuoteDot | PrimFnQuoteDot_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_query.c | Query | PrimFnQuery_EM_YY | PrimFnDydQuery_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnQuery_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnScalar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_rcaret.c | RightCaret | PrimFnRightCaret_EM_YY | PrimFnMonRightCaret_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY |
| pf_rcaretund.c | RightCaretUnderbar | PrimFnRightCaretUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_rho.c | Rho | PrimFnRho_EM_YY | PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRho_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnRho_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRhoGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRhoCon_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnRho_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_root.c | Root | PrimFnRoot_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_rshoe.c | RightShoe | PrimFnRightShoe_EM_YY | PrimFnMonRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRightShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRightShoeCon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeImm_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeImmGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeGlbGlb_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydCircleSlope_EM_YY |
| pf_rshoeund.c | RightShoeUnderbar | PrimFnRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimFnMonRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_rtack.c | RightTack | PrimFnRightTack_EM_YY | PrimFnMonRightTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightTack_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnRightTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTack_EM_YY |
| pf_section.c | Section | PrimFnSection_EM_YY | PrimFnMonSection_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSection_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnSection_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnSection_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_slash.c | Slash | PrimFnSlash_EM_YY | PrimFnMonSlash_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlash_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnSlash_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_slope.c | Slope | PrimFnSlope_EM_YY | PrimFnMonSlope_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlope_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnSlope_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_squad.c | Squad | PrimFnSquad_EM_YY | PrimFnMonSquad_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSquad_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnSquad_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSquadGlb_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnSquad_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY, PrimFnMonIota_EM_YY |
| pf_star.c | Star | PrimFnStar_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_stile.c | Stile | PrimFnStile_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_tilde.c | Tilde | PrimFnTilde_EM_YY | PrimFnDydTilde_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnTilde_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnTilde_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnScalar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlash_EM_YY |
| pf_times.c | Times | PrimFnTimes_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_uarrow.c | UpArrow | PrimFnUpArrow_EM_YY | PrimFnMonUpArrow_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpArrow_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnUpArrow_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnUpArrow_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY |
| pf_ucaret.c | UpCaret | PrimFnUpCaret_EM_YY | PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY | |
| pf_ushoe.c | UpShoe | PrimFnUpShoe_EM_YY | PrimFnMonUpShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpShoe_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnUpShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY |
| pf_ustile.c | UpStile | PrimFnUpStile_EM_YY | PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY | |
| pf_utack.c | UpTack | PrimFnUpTack_EM_YY | PrimFnMonUpTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTack_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnUpTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY |
| pf_utackjot.c | UpTackJot | PrimFnUpTackJot_EM_YY | PrimFnMonUpTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackJotImm_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackJotGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackJotCommon_EM_YY | PrimProtoFnUpTackJot_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackGlb_EM_YY |
General Reference Notes
Notation Convention on this wiki page: Unless otherwise specified all file names used on this page will exclude their path which is C:\NARS2000\trunk\.
Every programming language uses at least two primary concepts 1) mnemonics and 2) a syntax to implement that language. NARS is no different. Every NARS quad system command has an associated mnemonic or reference name. For example, Quad CR or ⎕ CR - Canononical Representation - uses mnemonic SysFnCR_EM_YY, as found in its definition file qf_cr.c. Quad FX or ⎕ FX - Fix or Function eXecute - uses mnemonic SysFnFX_EM_YY, per file qf_fx.c. Note the similarity in file naming conventions for both c files.
Several Quad functions have been implemented using PHP magic functions, for example Quad VR or ⎕ VR - Visual Representation - uses mnemonic SysFnVR_EM_YY, per definition file qf_vr.c. However, Quad VR also has an additional PHP magic header file called in this case mf_quadvr.h. Quad FMT is similarly coded using a PHP magic function header file.
