Creating New System Functions

Thursday 21 November 2024 16:35 UTC NARS2000 Creating New Quad System Functions

Who Should Be Reading This Page

If you are an APL'er, an APL programmer or APL developer - this page may not be right for you. This page is for Developers who want to implement a new Quad or ⎕ command using the C/C++ language in NARS source code. Given that NARS source code is over a quarter million lines of highly evolved source code, it is helpful to have several starting points to work from, whether you are a gifted C++/C programmer, PHP programmer, Bison programmer or a relative newcomer to NARS source code. The basic premise is that you have an idea for a new Quad system function command for APL/NARS and wish to implement it, add it to NARS functionality. This page is a starting conceptual and reference point.

Helpful Starting Point Perspectives

Visually scan or browse the Build notes found in the ReleaseNotes subfolder, normally located in C:\NARS2000\trunk\ReleaseNotes using a text or string scanner program such as Windows File Explorer with its Search text box. Multiple time-lapsed prior examples of adding system functions should appear in those previous Build notes. Search for the specific text string, "system function" and there should be a number of references found/listed. These references give an idea of which files frequently need to be modified, including much about what you will need to do. For example, file <sysvars.c> contains code locations where all system variables and functions hook into the system - a primary symbol tables reference, an interpreter-table-of-contents file. You will further need to define a new c file for your system function, e.g. <qf_cmd.c> or <qf_menus.c> or <qf_grfx.c> or a similar name. Defining any new file also requires some specific changes such as new entries in <compro.h>, <makefile.src>, and <makefile.inc>. You'll also need to change <NARS2000.vcxproj> which you can do through Visual Studios 20xx GUI or IDE(integrated developer's environment). Try to maintain a list of the various files you edit/change because if NARS subsequently moves to a new release and you need to synch with it, it is helpful to know which files you modified - to synch plus reinstate, to bring forward your local changes.

For example, in C:\NARS2000\trunk\ReleaseNotes\Notes-1295.txt system function Quad T or ⎕T was created and implemented, to return a Tick Count for time-sensitive APL subroutine stop-watch timing purposes. The following seven files were edited/affected by the addition of system function ⎕T into NARS2000.exe. Listed below are edited notations extracted from <Notes-1295.txt>:

COMPRO.H:   #1
  Include <qf_t.pro> in the list of prototype files.

MAKEFILE.INC:   #2
MAKEFILE.SRC:   #3
NARS2000.32.VCPROJ:   #4
NARS2000.64.VCPROJ:   #5
  Include <qf_t.c> in the list of source files.   #6

QF_T.C   #6(again)
  Implement []T.

SYSVARS.C:   #7
  Include []T in the list of niladic system functions.

Note above how filenames edited/changed were kept track of, including general notes on what was performed including the purpose of the revision/edit-change by the System Developer. This filename + purpose tracking along with associated note keeping is considered good programming, a best developer practice. Such detailed record-keeping makes program flow and source-code maintenance much easier to follow and subsequently revise as needed.

Continuing with the formation or genesis process re system function ⎕T example just above, viewing(using a standard text editor such as notepad.exe) file <qf_t.c> which is the central ⎕T function-defining c file, you will note that the mnemonic(see #General Reference Notes) for ⎕T is SysFnT_EM_YY. A File Explorer search for string SysFnT_EM_YY will bring up primarily two found-in files, <qf_t.c> and <sysvars.c>.

Therefore we may conclude or determine - that operational functionality for this particular system function ⎕T was contained in just two files. The other five affected files, and not to be ignored, were impacted for overall programming structural integrity, potential debugging/compilation, and NARS2000 overall modeling purposes. Not every System Function impacts or requires so few files, but ⎕T is a solid 'minimal impact elsewhere' System Function example.

Source Code Conventions and Abbreviations Dictionary

NARS C source code contains many abbreviations. To better understand NARS source code and or to better understand a source code process, particularly if you are new to looking at or working with its C source code, view C Source Code Conventions and Abbreviations Dictionary here.

---

<sysvars.c> Reference Table

All ⎕ System Variables and System Functions, per system reference table (7 column table) are listed/defined within file <sysvars.c>. Quad T's entry is extracted just below. The sysvars table helps APL's interpreter understand "how" to handle each quad system variable and function, how each is "supposed to operate"; thus helping the Interpreter identify syntax errors, valence errors, domain errors, etc.
⎕T's entry(within niladic system functions grouping) in table:

SysName	Valence	Var?	Std?	Exec Routine(name)	Sys_Vars	Descr
QUAD L"t"	0	FALSE	FALSE	SysFnT_EM_YY	0	High Resolution Time

Every APL/APL2 Quad System Variable and Quad System Function(niladic, monadic and dyadic) has an entry in the <sysvars.c> table. System function ⎕T, because it is niladic, has a zero valence; it is not a System Variable(False); it has a function mnemonic or calling name = SysFnT_EM_YY; it uses zero system variables.

Setting Up for Cross-Reference Call To Another APL or System Function

In creating a new System Function or even a new APL function, it can be useful to call another already established APL or system function to perform part of the new pre-processing-configuration-setup or post-close-done requirements. One of the frequently encountered parameters to nearly every function call is a parameter usually named lptkFunc or tkFcn - known variously as line pointer to a token function or just token function. tkFcn will be potentially needed in the soon-to-be-called function in case it mandates use for something else; it represents sort of a dynamically changing location-operation recognition tracker. As an analogy, Windows operating system uses a program registration process(ref. regedit); NARS uses token-functions.

From file <pf_uarrow.c>, the following lines were extracted:

     TOKEN        tkFcn = {0};       // Function token
     [...]
     // Setup a token for use in calling the {rho, the shape of} function:
     tkFcn.tkFlags.TknType   = TKT_FCNIMMED;
     tkFcn.tkFlags.ImmType   = IMMTYPE_PRIMFCN;
////tkFcn.tkFlags.NoDisplay = FALSE;       // Already zero from = {0}
     tkFcn.tkData.tkChar     = UTF16_RHO;  // Unicode transformation format, 16-bit-coding for Rho - identifying the function/operator being called.
     tkFcn.tkCharIndex       = lptkFunc->tkCharIndex;   // Standard caret pointer

In order to cross calculate ⍴R(the shape of right hand argument variable R - tkFcn/UTF16_RHO is passed in the above example to up-arrow - the APL take function). Another reference to <lptkFunc> would be similar to function tokening use above, but say to the LeftShoe symbol (UTF16_LEFTSHOE or APL's ⊂ enclose symbol). An often used element of the function token is <tkCharIndex> which is used as the caret pointer in case an error occurs and an error message would then be formed into ⎕DM and )SI, workspace state indicator would get set. The function token structure is key to allowing APL's interpreter know how to keep track of where the program is processing-at and, as needed, correctly report errors.

For the full list of available UTF16_* variables, see file <symbolnames.h>.

Source Code Derived List of APL System Functions

Source Code List of NARS Quad ⎕ System Functions, per qf_*.c Files Derivative. Sys Fcn Ct=31. Snapshot as of 7/26/15:

QuadFcn c FileName		APL System Function	Mnemonic Exec Name	c FileSize	Subordinate Monadic-Dyadic Name	Cross Refs, Magic Functions, Misc.	Function Type (sysvars.c)	Description (sysvars.c)
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_a.c
⎕A	SysFnA_EM_YY	3,151			Niladic	Alphabet
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_at.c
⎕AT	SysFnAT_EM_YY	44,356	SysFnMonAT_EM_YY SysFnDydAT_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Attributes
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_av.c
⎕AV	SysFnAV_EM_YY	5,188			Niladic	Atomic Vector
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_cr.c
⎕CR	SysFnCR_EM_YY	33,687	SysFnMonCR_EM_YY SysFnDydCR_EM_YY SysFnCR_Common_EM_YY SysFnMon_CR_EM_YY SysFnCR_Copy_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Canonical Representation
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_d.c
⎕D	SysFnD_EM_YY	3,149			Niladic	Digits
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_dl.c
⎕DL	SysFnDL_EM_YY	8,265	SysFnMonDL_EM_YY SysFnDydDL_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Delay Execution
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_dr.c
⎕DR	SysFnDR_EM_YY	49,334	SysFnMonDR_EM_YY SysFnDydDR_EM_YY SysFnDR_Show_EM_YY SysFnDR_Convert_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Data Representation
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ea.c
⎕EA	SysFnEA_EM_YY	9,565	SysFnMonEA_EM_YY SysFnDydEA_EM_YY	PrimFnMonUpTackJotCommon_EM_YY	Monadic or Dyadic	Execute Alternate
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ec.c
⎕EC	SysFnEC_EM_YY	17,469	SysFnMonEC_EM_YY SysFnDydEC_EM_YY	PrimFnMonUpTackJotCommon_EM_YY	Monadic or Dyadic	Execute Controlled
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_em.c
⎕EM	SysFnEM_EM_YY	3,106			Niladic	Event Message
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_error.c
⎕ERROR	SysFnERROR_EM_YY	7,129	SysFnMonERROR_EM_YY SysFnDydERROR_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Signal Error
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_es.c
⎕ES	SysFnES_EM_YY	18,322	SysFnMonES_EM_YY SysFnDydES_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Event Simulate
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_et.c
⎕ET	SysFnET_EM_YY	6,645			Niladic	Event Type
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ex.c
⎕EX	SysFnEX_EM_YY	23,537	SysFnMonEX_EM_YY SysFnDydEX_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Expunge Names
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_fmt.c
⎕FMT	SysFnFMT_EM_YY	108,506	SysFnMonFMT_EM_YY SysFnDydFMT_EM_YY	ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY	Monadic or Dyadic	Format
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_fx.c
⎕FX	SysFnFX_EM_YY	18,028	SysFnMonFX_EM_YY SysFnDydFX_EM_YY SysFnMon_FX_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Function Fix
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_host.c
⎕HOST	SysFnHOST_EM_YY	10,905	SysFnMonHOST_EM_YY SysFnDydHOST_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Launch Programs on Host OS
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_lc.c
⎕LC	SysFnLC_EM_YY	5,679			Niladic	Line Counter
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_mf.c
⎕MF	SysFnMF_EM_YY	38,096	SysFnMonMF_EM_YY SysFnDydMF_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Monitor Function
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_nc.c
⎕NC	SysFnNC_EM_YY	20,952	SysFnMonNC_EM_YY SysFnDydNC_EM_YY	<SysFnDydNL_EM_YY	Monadic or Dyadic	Name Classification
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_nfns.c
⎕NFNS	SysFnNAPPEND_EM_YY	260,952		SysFnNAPPEND_EM_YY SysFnMonNAPPEND_EM_YY SysFnDydNAPPEND_EM_YY SysFnNCREATE_EM_YY SysFnMonNCREATE_EM_YY SysFnDydNCREATE_EM_YY SysFnCreateTie_EM_YY SysFnNERASE_EM_YY SysFnMonNERASE_EM_YY SysFnDydNERASE_EM_YY SysFnNLOCK_EM_YY SysFnMonNLOCK_EM_YY SysFnDydNLOCK_EM_YY SysFnNNAMES_EM_YY SysFnNNUMS_EM_YY SysFnNREAD_EM_YY SysFnMonNREAD_EM_YY SysFnDydNREAD_EM_YY SysFnNRENAME_EM_YY SysFnMonNRENAME_EM_YY SysFnDydNRENAME_EM_YY SysFnNREPLACE_EM_YY SysFnMonNREPLACE_EM_YY SysFnDydNREPLACE_EM_YY SysFnNRESIZE_EM_YY SysFnMonNRESIZE_EM_YY SysFnDydNRESIZE_EM_YY SysFnNSIZE_EM_YY SysFnMonNSIZE_EM_YY SysFnDydNSIZE_EM_YY SysFnNTIE_EM_YY SysFnMonNTIE_EM_YY SysFnDydNTIE_EM_YY SysFnNUNTIE_EM_YY SysFnMonNUNTIE_EM_YY SysFnDydNUNTIE_EM_YY	Monadic or Dyadic	Append Data To An Open Native File
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_nl.c
⎕NL	SysFnNL_EM_YY	17,698	SysFnMonNL_EM_YY SysFnDydNL_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Name List
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_sysid.c
⎕SYSID	SysFnSYSID_EM_YY	4,826			Niladic	System Identifier
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_sysver.c
⎕SYSVER	SysFnSYSVER_EM_YY	8,556			Niladic	System Version
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_t.c
⎕T	SysFnT_EM_YY	3,542		SysFnD_EM_YY	Niladic	High Resolution Time
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_tc.c
⎕TC	SysFnTC_EM_YY	12,390	SysFnTCCom_EM_YY SysFnTCCOM_EM_YY SysFnTCBEL_EM_YY SysFnTCBS_EM_YY SysFnTCESC_EM_YY SysFnTCFF_EM_YY SysFnTCHT_EM_YY SysFnTCLF_EM_YY SysFnTCNL_EM_YY SysFnTCNUL_EM_YY		Niladic	Terminal Control Characters
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_tf.c
⎕TF	SysFnTF_EM_YY	53,263	SysFnMonTF_EM_YY SysFnDydTF_EM_YY SysFnDydTF1_EM_YY SysFnDydTF2_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Transfer Form
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ts.c
⎕TS	SysFnTS_EM_YY	5,165			Niladic	Time Stamp
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_ucs.c
⎕UCS	SysFnUCS_EM_YY	23,003	SysFnMonUCS_EM_YY SysFnDydUCS_EM_YY SysnMonUCS_EM_YY		Monadic or Dyadic	Universal Character Set
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_vr.c
⎕VR	SysFnVR_EM_YY	5,624	SysFnMonVR_EM_YY SysFnDydVR_EM_YY	ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY	Monadic or Dyadic	Vector Representation of a Function
C:\NARS2000\trunk\qf_wa.c
⎕WA	SysFnWA_EM_YY	3,367			Niladic	Workspace Available

---

Magic Function C Header File vs APL - a Comparison

Extract from NARS file C:\NARS2000\trunk\mf_quadvr.h for System Function ⎕VR (C source code header file, just below):

//***************************************************************************
//  Magic function/operator for Monadic []VR
//
//  Monadic []VR -- Visual Representation
//
//  Return a visual representation of a user-defined function/operator
//***************************************************************************

static APLCHAR MonHeaderVR[] =
  L"Z←" MFON_MonVR L" R;L;⎕IO";

static APLCHAR MonLineVR1[] =  
  L"⎕IO←0 ⋄ Z←1 ##.⎕CR R";
  
static APLCHAR MonLineVR2[] =  
  L"→(0≠⍴Z)/L1 ⋄ Z←'' ⋄ →0";
  
static APLCHAR MonLineVR3[] =  
  L"L1:→(1=≡Z)/0";
  
static APLCHAR MonLineVR4[] =  
  L"L←'∇'∊0⊃Z";
  
static APLCHAR MonLineVR5[] =  
  L"Z←(∊((⊂[1]'LO<    ∇>P<[>Q<]>I6' ⎕FMT⍳⍴Z),¨Z),¨⎕TCNL),'    ∇'";
  
static APLCHAR MonLineVR6[] =  
  L"→L/0 ⋄ Z←Z,(' ',⍕2 ##.⎕AT R),' (UTC)'";

static LPAPLCHAR MonBodyVR[] =
{MonLineVR1,
 MonLineVR2,
 MonLineVR3,
 MonLineVR4,
 MonLineVR5,
 MonLineVR6,
};

MAGIC_FCNOPR MFO_MonVR =
{MonHeaderVR,
 MonBodyVR,
 countof (MonBodyVR),
};

⎕VR - APL monadic function named MFON_MonVR(just below):

      ⎕CR 'MFON_MonVR'
Z←MFON_MonVR R;L;⎕IO                                        
⎕IO←0 ⋄ Z←1 ##.⎕CR R                                        
→(0≠⍴Z)/L1 ⋄ Z←'' ⋄ →0                                      
L1:→(1=≡Z)/0                                                
L←'∇'∊0⊃Z                                                   
Z←(∊((⊂[1]'LO<    ∇>P<[>Q<]>I6' ⎕FMT⍳⍴Z),¨Z),¨⎕TCNL),'    ∇'
→L/0 ⋄ Z←Z,(' ',⍕2 ##.⎕AT R),' (UTC)'

Note the displaced lines yes, but great/identical similarity exists between the UTF-8 C source code header file and the actual APL function MFON_MonVR. In a very real sense, APL source code was imported directly into C source code via a header file, using a magic function. Hence the term magic since APL magically gets executed inside a compiled C program. This is somewhat code-wise equivalent to using the ⍎(execute) function in APL. Technically the APL simulation in C was made possible and accomplished via re-formatting the ⎕CR representation of an APL function, placing it into a C source code header file, and using PHP in the NARS2000 project model. Also technically, note the use of L" in the header file at the front of several lines - the presence of the prefix L in C source code indicates Unicode string to the C compiler.

Ref. also System Function ⎕VR and System Function ⎕CR

For Magic Functions: In addition to creating a header file such as mf_quadvr.h, magic function header files need reference via a caller file such as qf_vr.c. Also, referencing table entries may frequently be required in files execmfn.h and execmfn.c within the \trunk folder.

---

C Source List of APL Functions

C Source List of APL Functions with Cross References (per C:\NARS2000\trunk\pf_*.c) as of 7/26/15:

NARS C Source File	APL Name	C Funct Name	Subordinate Monadic and or Dyadic Name	Cross References, Protos and Renames
pf_bar.c	Bar	PrimFnBar_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_circle.c	Circle	PrimFnCircle_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_colonbar.c	ColonBar	PrimFnColonBar_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_comma.c	Comma	PrimFnComma_EM_YY	PrimFnMonComma_EM_YY, PrimFnDydComma_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnComma_EM_YY, PrimFnMonCommaScalar_EM_YY, PrimFnMonCommaGlb_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnComma_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlash_EM_YY
pf_cslope.c	CircleSlope	PrimFnCircleSlope_EM_YY	PrimFnMonCircleSlope_EM_YY, PrimFnDydCircleSlope_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnCircleSlope_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnCircleSlope_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonIota_EM_YY
pf_cstar.c	CircleStar	PrimFnCircleStar_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_cstile.c	CircleStile	PrimFnCircleStile_EM_YY	PrimFnMonCircleStile_EM_YY, PrimFnDydCircleStile_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnCircleStile_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnCircleStile_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_darrow.c	DownArrow	PrimFnDownArrow_EM_YY	PrimFnMonDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimIdentDownArrow_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnDownArrow_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_dcaret.c	DownCaret	PrimFnDownCaret_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_deltastile.c	DeltaStile	PrimFnDeltaStile_EM_YY		PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDelStile_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnDeltaStile_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnDelStile_EM_YY
pf_domino.c	Domino	PrimFnDomino_EM_YY	PrimFnMonDomino_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDomino_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDomino_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnDomino_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_dotdot.c	DotDot	PrimFnDotDot_EM_YY	PrimFnMonDotDot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDotDot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDotDotNested_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnDotDot_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_dshoe.c	DownShoe	PrimFnDownShoe_EM_YY	PrimFnMonDownShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownShoe_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDownShoe_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnDownShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_dstile.c	DownStile	PrimFnDownStile_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_dtack.c	DownTack	PrimFnDownTack_EM_YY	PrimFnMonDownTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTack_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnDownTack_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnDownTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTack_EM_YY
pf_dtackjot.c	DownTackJot	PrimFnDownTackJot_EM_YY	PrimFnMonDownTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTackJotFBE_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnDownTackJot_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_epsilon.c	Epsilon	PrimFnEpsilon_EM_YY	PrimFnMonEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimFnMonEpsilonGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonEpsilonImm_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY
pf_epsund.c	EpsilonUnderbar	PrimFnEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnMonEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnEpsilonUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_equal.c	Equal	PrimFnEqual_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_equalund.c	EqualUnderbar NotEqualUnderbar	PrimFnEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnMonEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnMonNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnEqualUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnNotEqualUnderbar_EM_YY
pf_index.c	Assignment	ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY		ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefLstImm_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefLstSimpGlb_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefNamImmed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSquadGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeGlbGlb_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRefRect_EM_YY, ListIndexRef_EM_YY, PrimFnMonLeftShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRho_EM_YY, ExecFuncStr_EM_YY
pf_iota.c	Iota	PrimFnIota_EM_YY	PrimFnMonIota_EM_YY, PrimFnDydIota_EM_YY, PrimFnMonIotaVector_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnIota_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY, PrimFnMonGradeCommon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEqualUnderbar_EM_YY
pf_iotaund.c	IotaUnderbar	PrimFnIotaUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnMonIotaUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydIotaUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnIotaUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_lcaret.c	LeftCaret	PrimFnLeftCaret_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_lcaretund.c	LeftCaretUnderbar	PrimFnLeftCaretUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_lshoe.c	LeftShoe	PrimFnLeftShoe_EM_YY	PrimFnMonLeftShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnMonLeftShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonLeftShoeCon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftShoeGlb_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnLeftShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_lshoeund.c	LeftShoeUnderbar	PrimFnLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnMonLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnLeftShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_ltack.c	LeftTack	PrimFnLeftTack_EM_YY	PrimFnMonLeftTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydLeftTack_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnLeftTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_ndcaret.c	DownCaretTilde	PrimFnDownCaretTilde_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_nequal.c	NotEqual	PrimFnNotEqual_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_nucaret.c	UpCaretTilde	PrimFnUpCaretTilde_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_pi.c	Pi	PrimFnPi_EM_YY	PrimFnMonPi_EM_YY, PrimFnDydPi_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnPi_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnScalar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_plus.c	Plus	PrimFnPlus_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_qdot.c	QuoteDot	PrimFnQuoteDot_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_query.c	Query	PrimFnQuery_EM_YY	PrimFnDydQuery_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnQuery_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnScalar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_rcaret.c	RightCaret	PrimFnRightCaret_EM_YY	PrimFnMonRightCaret_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_rcaretund.c	RightCaretUnderbar	PrimFnRightCaretUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_rho.c	Rho	PrimFnRho_EM_YY	PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRho_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnRho_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRhoGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRhoCon_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnRho_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_root.c	Root	PrimFnRoot_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_rshoe.c	RightShoe	PrimFnRightShoe_EM_YY	PrimFnMonRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRightShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRightShoeCon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeImm_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeImmGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeGlbGlb_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnRightShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydCircleSlope_EM_YY
pf_rshoeund.c	RightShoeUnderbar	PrimFnRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimFnMonRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnRightShoeUnderbar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_rtack.c	RightTack	PrimFnRightTack_EM_YY	PrimFnMonRightTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydRightTack_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnRightTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydDownTack_EM_YY
pf_section.c	Section	PrimFnSection_EM_YY	PrimFnMonSection_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSection_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnSection_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnSection_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_slash.c	Slash	PrimFnSlash_EM_YY	PrimFnMonSlash_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlash_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnSlash_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_slope.c	Slope	PrimFnSlope_EM_YY	PrimFnMonSlope_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlope_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnSlope_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_squad.c	Squad	PrimFnSquad_EM_YY	PrimFnMonSquad_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSquad_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnSquad_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSquadGlb_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnSquad_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY, PrimFnMonIota_EM_YY
pf_star.c	Star	PrimFnStar_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_stile.c	Stile	PrimFnStile_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_tilde.c	Tilde	PrimFnTilde_EM_YY	PrimFnDydTilde_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnTilde_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnTilde_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnScalar_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnDydEpsilon_EM_YY, PrimFnDydSlash_EM_YY
pf_times.c	Times	PrimFnTimes_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_uarrow.c	UpArrow	PrimFnUpArrow_EM_YY	PrimFnMonUpArrow_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpArrow_EM_YY, PrimIdentFnUpArrow_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnUpArrow_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonRho_EM_YY, ArrayIndexRef_EM_YY
pf_ucaret.c	UpCaret	PrimFnUpCaret_EM_YY	PrimFnDyd_EM_YY, PrimFnMon_EM_YY
pf_ushoe.c	UpShoe	PrimFnUpShoe_EM_YY	PrimFnMonUpShoe_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpShoe_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnUpShoe_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, ExecuteMagicFunction_EM_YY
pf_ustile.c	UpStile	PrimFnUpStile_EM_YY	PrimFnMon_EM_YY, PrimFnDyd_EM_YY
pf_utack.c	UpTack	PrimFnUpTack_EM_YY	PrimFnMonUpTack_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTack_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnUpTack_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY
pf_utackjot.c	UpTackJot	PrimFnUpTackJot_EM_YY	PrimFnMonUpTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnDydUpTackJot_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackJotImm_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackJotGlb_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackJotCommon_EM_YY	PrimProtoFnUpTackJot_EM_YY, PrimProtoFnMixed_EM_YY, PrimFnMonUpTackGlb_EM_YY

---

General Reference Notes

Notation Convention on this wiki page: Unless otherwise specified all file names used on this page will exclude their path which is C:\NARS2000\trunk\.

Every programming language uses at least two primary concepts 1) mnemonics and 2) a syntax to implement that language. NARS is no different. Every NARS quad system command has an associated mnemonic or reference name. For example, Quad CR or ⎕ CR - Canononical Representation - uses mnemonic SysFnCR_EM_YY, as found in its definition file qf_cr.c. Quad FX or ⎕ FX - Fix or Function eXecute - uses mnemonic SysFnFX_EM_YY, per file qf_fx.c. Note the similarity in file naming conventions for both c files.

Several Quad functions have been implemented using PHP magic functions, for example Quad VR or ⎕ VR - Visual Representation - uses mnemonic SysFnVR_EM_YY, per definition file qf_vr.c. However, Quad VR also has an additional PHP magic header file called in this case mf_quadvr.h. Quad FMT is similarly coded using a PHP magic function header file.